Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part B (2025)

This study examined the effectiveness of retribution and rehabilitation on offenders' behavioral change, focusing on the Mukobeko Correctional Facilities in Kabwe, Zambia. The criminal justice system’s roles of retribution (punishing wrongdoing) and rehabilitation (reforming offenders for societal reintegration) are essential in addressing criminal behavior and promoting public safety. This research explored how these contrasting approaches influence offender behavior, recidivism rates, and the effectiveness of correctional practices within Zambia.

Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study collected quantitative and qualitative data through surveys, interviews, and content analysis. Data from inmates, correctional staff, and program administrators provided insights into the experiences and outcomes associated with retributive and rehabilitative practices. Results indicated that rehabilitation programs hold substantial potential for transforming offender behavior and lowering recidivism rates, with 77.14% of inmates reporting positive attitude or behavioral changes after participating. However, challenges such as overcrowding, limited resources, and inconsistent program availability hindered the full benefits, with 57.86% of inmates facing difficulties in accessing programs and 66.42% noting an insufficient number of programs offered.

The study concluded that retribution alone does not effectively foster behavioral change among offenders. Instead, combining retributive and rehabilitative strategies is necessary to improve the correctional system’s efficacy in Zambia. The findings underscore the need for better rehabilitation program design, fairer sentencing, and improved resource allocation to reduce recidivism and support successful reintegration.